Entity — one thing the system keeps data about, such as a customer, an order or a product. In a relational database each entity becomes one table.
Attribute — one fact recorded for every row of an entity, such as a name, a price or a date. Each attribute becomes one column.
Relationship — an association between two entities, implemented by a foreign key: the child table stores the parent’s key, and the diagram turns that column into a line.
PK / FK — a primary key (PK) identifies each row of a table uniquely; a foreign key (FK) holds the primary key of another table and is what a relationship line represents.
Many-to-many is never a single line: a product can appear in many orders and an order can
hold many products, so the schema stores a join table (order_items) whose two foreign keys
become two one-to-many lines. Read through that middle box and the many-to-many is there.